A ten-year community reporting database reveals rising coyote boldness and associated human concern in Edmonton, Canada

In cities throughout North America, sightings of coyotes (Canis latrans) have become common. Reports human-coyote conflict are also rising, as is the public demand for proactive management to prevent negative interactions. Effective and can be informed by direct observations community members, who report their interactions with describe location, time, context that led To better understand circumstances predict conflict, we used a web-based reporting system collect 9134 community-supplied reports in Edmonton, Canada, between January 2012 December 2021. We standardized ordinal ranking score each on two indicators conflict: coyote boldness, based reported behavior, human concern about coyotes, determined from emotions or perceptions expressed reporters. assigned greater scores behaviors where followed, approached, charged, contacted pets people, reporters fear, worry, concern, discomfort alarm. Using ordered logistic regression chi-square tests, compared boldness spatial, temporal, contextual predictors. Our analysis showed were bolder less developed open areas during pup-rearing season, but was higher residential dispersal season. mentioned dogs cats more likely those children had coyotes. Coyote both indicated rising Edmonton over 10 years reporting.